Meaning of Seeking Waseelah (Quran 5-35 and 17-57)
Allah says
“O you who believe! Do your duty to Allaah and fear Him. And seek the means of approach to Him, and strive hard in His Cause (as much as you can), so that you may be successful” [al-Maa’idah 5:35]
1. Abu Wail Shaqeeq bin Salma (Tabiyee) said
{ وَابْتَغُوا إلَـيْهِ الوَسِيـلةَ } قال: القربة فـي الأعمال.
(And seek the means of approach to Him) Seek nearness through righteous deeds.[Tafsir at-Tabri under 5:35]
{ وَابْتَغُوا إلَـيْهِ الوَسِيـلةَ } قال: القربة فـي الأعمال.
(And seek the means of approach to Him) Seek nearness through righteous deeds.[Tafsir at-Tabri under 5:35]
2. Ibn Jareer at-Tabari (d. 310 H.) says:
{ وَابْتَغُوا إلَـيْهِ الوَسِيـلَةَ } يقول: واطلبوا القربة إلـيه بـالعمل بـما يرضيه.
(And seek the means of approach to Him) He said and seek nearness to Him by performing the acts that please Him.[Tafsir at-Tabri under 5:35]
And then he quoted from the at-tabiyeen like Abi Waail, Ata, Saddi, Qatada, Mujahid, al Hasan, Abdullah bin Katheer that it means: القربة في الأعمال
And Ibn Zayd said: المحبة ، تحببوا إلى الله
That is why Shaykh Jamal ad Din Zarabozo said:
” In fact, that is the only interpretation that al-Tabari offers, although it was his practice to present every view passed on from the early scholars. In other words, there is not even any hint of the kinds of practices that later people developed and claim fell under the purview of this verse.” [The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab, 249] In short, the meaning taken by sufis was unknown to the righteous predecessors.
” In fact, that is the only interpretation that al-Tabari offers, although it was his practice to present every view passed on from the early scholars. In other words, there is not even any hint of the kinds of practices that later people developed and claim fell under the purview of this verse.” [The Life, Teachings and Influence of Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhaab, 249] In short, the meaning taken by sufis was unknown to the righteous predecessors.
3) Zamakshree (d 538 h)
الوسيلة: كل ما يتوسل به أي يتقرّب من قرابة أو صنيعة أو غير ذلك، فاستعيرت لما يتوسل به إلى الله تعالى من فعل الطاعات وترك المعاصي. وأنشد للبيد:
أَرَى النَّاسَ لاَ يَدْرُونَ مَا قَدْرُ أَمْرِهِم أَلاَ كُلُّ ذِي لُبٍّ إلَى اللَّهِ وَاسِلُ
It says that Seeking nearness to Allah is done through Obedience and leavinng the sins.[Tafsir Kashaaf under Surah al-Maida verse 35]
أَرَى النَّاسَ لاَ يَدْرُونَ مَا قَدْرُ أَمْرِهِم أَلاَ كُلُّ ذِي لُبٍّ إلَى اللَّهِ وَاسِلُ
It says that Seeking nearness to Allah is done through Obedience and leavinng the sins.[Tafsir Kashaaf under Surah al-Maida verse 35]
4) Fakhr ud din al-Razi (d 606 h) said
قد عرفتم كمال جسارة اليهود على المعاصي والذنوب وبعدهم عن الطاعات التي هي الوسائل للعبد إلى الرب، فكونوا يا أيها المؤمنون بالضد من ذلك، وكونوا متقين عن معاصي الله، متوسلين إلى الله بطاعات الله.
الوجه الثاني في النظم: أنه تعالى حكى عنهم أنهم قالوا
{ نَحْنُ أَبْنَاء ٱللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ }
[المائدة: 18] أي نحن أبناء أنبياء الله، فكان افتخارهم بأعمال آبائهم، فقال تعالى: يا أيها الذين آمنوا ليكن مفاخرتكم بأعمالكم لا بشرف آبائكم وأسلافكم، فاتقوا وابتغوا إليه الوسيلة، والله أعلم.
(O Muslims) Have you seen how the Jews dare to do disobedience and sins and they were far from obedience which is the means to nearness to Allah. So, Be opposite to them O Mominoon Be cautious about transgressions against Allah, seek nearness to Allah through obedience to Allah…
Allah mentioned the saying of (Jews and Christians) they said: “We are the children of Allah and His beloved.” [5:18] Meaning we are children of Prophets of Allah They were Proud on the practice of their forefathers, Then Allah said O you who believe, Do not feel proud on the honor of your fathers and predecessors, fear (Allah) and seek means to him. Allah knows best.[Mafateeh al-Gayb under Surah al-Maida verse 35]
قد عرفتم كمال جسارة اليهود على المعاصي والذنوب وبعدهم عن الطاعات التي هي الوسائل للعبد إلى الرب، فكونوا يا أيها المؤمنون بالضد من ذلك، وكونوا متقين عن معاصي الله، متوسلين إلى الله بطاعات الله.
الوجه الثاني في النظم: أنه تعالى حكى عنهم أنهم قالوا
{ نَحْنُ أَبْنَاء ٱللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ }
[المائدة: 18] أي نحن أبناء أنبياء الله، فكان افتخارهم بأعمال آبائهم، فقال تعالى: يا أيها الذين آمنوا ليكن مفاخرتكم بأعمالكم لا بشرف آبائكم وأسلافكم، فاتقوا وابتغوا إليه الوسيلة، والله أعلم.
(O Muslims) Have you seen how the Jews dare to do disobedience and sins and they were far from obedience which is the means to nearness to Allah. So, Be opposite to them O Mominoon Be cautious about transgressions against Allah, seek nearness to Allah through obedience to Allah…
Allah mentioned the saying of (Jews and Christians) they said: “We are the children of Allah and His beloved.” [5:18] Meaning we are children of Prophets of Allah They were Proud on the practice of their forefathers, Then Allah said O you who believe, Do not feel proud on the honor of your fathers and predecessors, fear (Allah) and seek means to him. Allah knows best.[Mafateeh al-Gayb under Surah al-Maida verse 35]
5) Abul Hasan Ali bin Muhammad Khazin (d 741h) said
قوله تعالى: { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله } أي خافوا الله بترك المنهيات { وابتغوا إليه الوسيلة } يعني واطلبوا إليه القرب بطاعته والعمل بما يرضي وإنما قلنا ذلك، لأن مجامع التكاليف محصورة في نوعين لا ثالث لهما. أحد النوعين: ترك المنهيات وإليه الإشارة بقوله: اتقوا الله. والثاني: التقرب إلى الله تعالى بالطاعت وإليه الإشارة بقوله: وابتغوا إليه الوسيلة
Allah says ” O you who believe fear Allah” Meaning leave the things which are forbidden by fearing Allah. “And seek means to approach to him” Meaning seek nearness to him through obedience and works which pleases Allah. I said this because there are two types of all the Restrictions (in Islamic Law). One of the two types is leaving the forbidden things. this is what referred in the saying “Fear Allah”. Second is seeking nearness to Allah tala through obedience and this is what reffered in “And seek means to approach to him”[Maani al-Tanzeel under 5:35]
قوله تعالى: { يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله } أي خافوا الله بترك المنهيات { وابتغوا إليه الوسيلة } يعني واطلبوا إليه القرب بطاعته والعمل بما يرضي وإنما قلنا ذلك، لأن مجامع التكاليف محصورة في نوعين لا ثالث لهما. أحد النوعين: ترك المنهيات وإليه الإشارة بقوله: اتقوا الله. والثاني: التقرب إلى الله تعالى بالطاعت وإليه الإشارة بقوله: وابتغوا إليه الوسيلة
Allah says ” O you who believe fear Allah” Meaning leave the things which are forbidden by fearing Allah. “And seek means to approach to him” Meaning seek nearness to him through obedience and works which pleases Allah. I said this because there are two types of all the Restrictions (in Islamic Law). One of the two types is leaving the forbidden things. this is what referred in the saying “Fear Allah”. Second is seeking nearness to Allah tala through obedience and this is what reffered in “And seek means to approach to him”[Maani al-Tanzeel under 5:35]
6) Ibn Katheer(d 774h) said:
Allaah commands His believing slaves to fear Him (taqwa). When this word is accompanied by mention of obedience, it means refraining from haraam things. After that Allaah says, “And seek the means of approach to Him”. Sufyaan al-Thawri said, narrating from Talhah, from ‘Ata’, from Ibn ‘Abbaas: i.e., drawing close to Him. This was also stated by Mujaahid, Abu Waa’il, al-Hasan, Qataadah, ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Katheer, al-Saddi, Ibn Zayd and others. Qataadah said: i.e., draw close to Him by obeying Him and doing that which pleases Him, and Ibn Zayd recited
“Those whom they call upon desire (for themselves) means of access to their Lord (Allaah)”[al-Isra’ 17:57]
Allaah commands His believing slaves to fear Him (taqwa). When this word is accompanied by mention of obedience, it means refraining from haraam things. After that Allaah says, “And seek the means of approach to Him”. Sufyaan al-Thawri said, narrating from Talhah, from ‘Ata’, from Ibn ‘Abbaas: i.e., drawing close to Him. This was also stated by Mujaahid, Abu Waa’il, al-Hasan, Qataadah, ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Katheer, al-Saddi, Ibn Zayd and others. Qataadah said: i.e., draw close to Him by obeying Him and doing that which pleases Him, and Ibn Zayd recited
“Those whom they call upon desire (for themselves) means of access to their Lord (Allaah)”[al-Isra’ 17:57]
There is no difference of opinion among the mufassireen concerning what these imams said.
Means of approach or means of access means that by means of which one reaches one’s goal. [Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 2/53, 54 under 5:35]
7) Tafsir Jalalyan Says
“O you who believe, fear God, fear His chastisement, by being obedient to Him, and seek the means to Him, that obedience which brings you closer to Him, and struggle in His way, in order to elevate His religion; so that you might prosper, triumph.” [Tafsir of 5:35]
“O you who believe, fear God, fear His chastisement, by being obedient to Him, and seek the means to Him, that obedience which brings you closer to Him, and struggle in His way, in order to elevate His religion; so that you might prosper, triumph.” [Tafsir of 5:35]
8) Al-Shanqeeti (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Note that the majority of scholars are of the view that what is meant by waseelah here is drawing close to Allaah by obeying His commands and avoiding that which He has forbidden, in accordance with the teachings brought by Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), doing that sincerely for the sake of Allaah alone, because this is the only path that leads to the pleasure of Allaah and attaining what is with Him and what is good in this world and in the Hereafter.
The basic meaning of the word waseelah is a path that brings one near to something. Here it means righteous deeds, according to scholarly consensus, because there is no other way of drawing close to Allaah apart from following the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Based on this, there are many verses which explain the meaning of waseelah, such as the following (interpretation of the meaning):
“And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad) gives you, take it; and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it)”[al-Hashr 59:7]
“Say (O Muhammad to mankind): ‘If you (really) love Allaah, then follow me'”[Aal ‘Imraan 3:31]
“Say: Obey Allaah and obey the Messenger”[al-Noor 24:54]
And there are other similar verses.
It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas that what is meant by waseelah is need.
Based on this, the words narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas, “Seek with Him al-waseelah” mean, seek your needs from Allaah, for He alone is the one who is able to meet them. This is further explained by the verses in which Allaah says
“Verily, those whom you worship besides Allaah have no power to give you provision, so seek your provision from Allaah (Alone), and worship Him (Alone)”[al-‘Ankaboot 29:17]
“and ask Allaah of His Bounty”[al-Nisa’ 4:32]
And by the hadeeth: “If you ask, then ask of Allaah.”
….The correct view concerning the meaning of waseelah is that of the majority of scholars, that it means drawing closer to Allaah by worshipping Him alone, in accordance with the teachings of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). The tafseer of Ibn ‘Abbaas comes under this heading, because calling upon Allaah (du’aa’) and praying humbly to Him when asking for one’s needs is one of the greatest forms of worship which is waseelah or seeking to draw closer to Him and attain His pleasure and mercy.
From this it may be understood that what many of the heretics and followers of ignorant men who claim to be Sufis say, which is that what is meant by waseelah in the verse is the Shaykh who has the power of mediation between him and his Lord, is ignorance, blindness and obvious misguidance; it is toying with the Book of Allaah. Taking intermediaries is the essence of the kufr of the kaafirs, as Allaah clearly stated when He said concerning them
“[They say:] We worship them only that they may bring us near to Allaah”[al-Zumar 39:3]
“and they say: ‘These are our intercessors with Allaah.’ Say: ‘Do you inform Allaah of that which He knows not in the heavens and on the earth?’ Glorified and Exalted is He above all that which they associate as partners (with Him)!”[Yoonus 10:18]
Every one who is accountable must understand that the way to attain the pleasure of Allaah and His Paradise and His mercy is to follow His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Whoever deviates from that has gone astray from the straight path.
“It will not be in accordance with your desires (Muslims), nor those of the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), whosoever works evil, will have the recompense thereof”[al-Nisa’4:123]
The meaning of waseelah that we have explained here is also the meaning in the verse where Allaah says
“Those whom they call upon desire (for themselves) means of access to their Lord (Allaah) as to which of them should be the nearest”[al-Isra’ 17:57]
Another meaning of waseelah is the status in Paradise which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told us to ask Allaah to grant to him, and we hope that Allaah will give it to him, because only one person will be entitled to it, and he hoped that he would be the one[Adwa’ al-Bayaan, 2/86-88]
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