الثلاثاء، 8 ديسمبر 2020
Fatwa: Definición de los meses sagrados y aclaración de la duplicación de la recompensa y el castigo en ellos
Fatwa: Definición de los meses sagrados y aclaración de la duplicación de la recompensa y el castigo en ellos: Pregunta
¿Qué y cuáles son los meses sagrados? ¿Es verdad que la recompensa y el castigo de los pecados se duplican en ta..
Just Ask Islam - SWT? SAWS? PBUH? 786? (OK?)
Just Ask Islam - SWT? SAWS? PBUH? 786? (OK?): Can Muslims use shortcuts like: PBUH, SWT, SAWS, ASWTA in emails? What about 786?
Path 2 Peace - YouTube
Path 2 Peace - YouTube: Welcome to Path 2 Peace, home of the reflections podcast and media project to help share the message of Islam in a simple, effective and Holistic manner.
What is the source of the Christian concept of the Trinity?
What is the source of the Christian concept of the Trinity?
The three monotheistic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam – all purport to share one fundamental concept: belief in God as the Supreme Being, the Creator and Sustainer of the Universe. Known as “tawhid” in Islam, this concept of the Oneness of God was stressed by Moses in a Biblical passage known as the “Shema”, or the Jewish creed of faith:
“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord.” (Deuteronomy 6:4)
It was repeated word-for-word approximately 1500 years later by Jesus, when he said:
“...The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; the Lord our God is one Lord.” (Mark 12:29)
Muhammad came along approximately 600 years later, bringing the same message again:
“And your God is One God: there is no God but He...” (Quran 2:163)
Christianity has digressed from the concept of the Oneness of God, however, into a vague and mysterious doctrine that was formulated during the fourth century. This doctrine, which continues to be a source of controversy both within and outside the Christian religion, is known as the Doctrine of the Trinity. Simply put, the Christian doctrine of the Trinity states that God is the union of three divine persons – the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit – in one divine being.
If that concept, put in basic terms, sounds confusing, the flowery language in the actual text of the doctrine lends even more mystery to the matter:
“...we worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity... for there is one Person of the Father, another of the Son, another of the Holy Ghost is all one... they are not three gods, but one God... the whole three persons are co-eternal and co-equal... he therefore that will be saved must thus think of the Trinity...” (excerpts from the Athanasian Creed)
Let’s put this together in a different form: one person, God the Father, plus one person, God the Son, plus one person, God the Holy Ghost, equals one person, God the What? Is this English or is this gibberish?
It is said that Athanasius, the bishop who formulated this doctrine, confessed that the more he wrote on the matter, the less capable he was of clearly expressing his thoughts regarding it.
How did such a confusing doctrine get its start?
Trinity in the Bible
References in the Bible to a Trinity of divine beings are vague, at best.
In Matthew 28:19, we find Jesus telling his disciples to go out and preach to all nations. While this “Great Commission” does make mention of the three persons who later become components of the Trinity, the phrase “...baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost” is quite clearly an addition to Biblical text – that is, not the actual words of Jesus – as can be seen by two factors:
1) baptism in the early Church, as discussed by Paul in his letters, was done only in the name of Jesus; and
2) the “Great Commission” was found in the first gospel written, that of Mark, bears no mention of Father, Son and/or Holy Ghost – see Mark 16:15.
The only other reference in the Bible to a Trinity can be found in the Epistle of 1 John 5:7. Biblical scholars of today, however, have admitted that the phrase:
“...there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one”
…is definitely a “later addition” to Biblical text, and it is not found in any of today’s versions of the Bible.
It can, therefore, be seen that the concept of a Trinity of divine beings was not an idea put forth by Jesus or any other prophet of God. This doctrine, now subscribed to by Christians all over the world, is entirely man-made in origin.
The Doctrine Takes Shape
While Paul of Tarsus, the man who could rightfully be considered the true founder of Christianity, did formulate many of its doctrines, that of the Trinity was not among them. He did, however, lay the groundwork for such when he put forth the idea of Jesus being a “divine Son”. After all, a Son does need a Father, and what about a vehicle for God’s revelations to man? In essence, Paul named the principal players, but it was the later Church people who put the matter together.
Tertullian, a lawyer and presbyter of the third-century Church in Carthage, was the first to use the word “Trinity” when he put forth the theory that the Son and the Spirit participate in the being of God, but all are of one being of substance with the Father.
A Formal Doctrine is Drawn Up
When controversy over the matter of the Trinity blew up in 318 between two church men from Alexandria – Arius, the deacon, and Alexander, his bishop – Emperor Constantine stepped into the fray.
Although Christian dogma was a complete mystery to him, he did realize that a unified church was necessary for a strong kingdom. When negotiation failed to settle the dispute, Constantine called for the first ecumenical council in Church history in order to settle the matter once and for all.
Six weeks after the 300 bishops first gathered at Nicea in 325, the doctrine of the Trinity was hammered out. The God of the Christians was now seen as having three essences, or natures, in the form of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
The Church Puts its Foot Down
The matter was far from settled, however, despite high hopes for such on the part of Constantine. Arius and the new bishop of Alexandria, a man named Athanasius, began arguing over the matter even as the Nicene Creed was being signed; “Arianism” became a catch-word from that time onward for anyone who didn’t hold to the doctrine of the Trinity.
It wasn’t until 451, at the Council of Chalcedon that, with the approval of the Pope, the Nicene/Constantinople Creed was set as authoritative. Debate on the matter was no longer tolerated; to speak out against the Trinity was now considered blasphemy, and such earned stiff sentences that ranged from mutilation to death. Christians now turned on Christians, maiming and slaughtering thousands because of a difference of opinion.
Debate Continues
Brutal punishments and even death did not stop the controversy over the doctrine of the Trinity, however, and the said controversy continues even today.
The majority of Christians, when asked to explain this fundamental doctrine of their faith, can offer nothing more than “I believe it because I was told to do so.” It is explained away as “mystery” – yet the Bible says in 1 Corinthians 14:33 that:
“... God is not the author of confusion ...”
The Unitarian denomination of Christianity has kept alive the teachings of Arius in saying that God is one; they do not believe in the Trinity. As a result, mainstream Christians abhor them, and the National Council of Churches has refused their admittance. In Unitarianism, the hope is kept alive that Christians will someday return to the preachings of Jesus:
“... Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve.” (Luke 4:8)
Islam and the Matter of the Trinity
While Christianity may have a problem defining the essence of God, such is not the case in Islam:
“They do blaspheme who say: Allah is one of three in a Trinity, for there is no god except One God” (Quran 5:73)
It is worth noting that the Arabic language Bible uses the name “Allah” as the name of God.
Suzanne Haneef, in her book What Everyone Should Know About Islam and Muslims (Library of Islam, 1985), puts the matter quite succinctly when she says:
“But God is not like a pie or an apple which can be divided into three thirds which form one whole; if God is three persons or possesses three parts, He is assuredly not the Single, Unique, Indivisible Being which God is and which Christianity professes to believe in.”[1]
Looking at it from another angle, the Trinity designates God as being three separate entities – the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. If God is the Father and also the Son, He would then be the Father of Himself because He is His own Son. This is not exactly logical.
Christianity claims to be a monotheistic religion. Monotheism, however, has as its fundamental belief that God is One; the Christian doctrine of the Trinity – God being Three-in-One – is seen by Islam as a form of polytheism. Christians don’t revere just One God, they revere three.
This is a charge not taken lightly by Christians, however. They, in turn, accuse the Muslims of not even knowing what the Trinity is, pointing out that the Quran sets it up as Allah the Father, Jesus the Son, and Mary his mother. While veneration of Mary has been a figment of the Catholic Church since 431 when she was given the title “Mother of God” by the Council of Ephesus, a closer examination of the verses in the Quran most often cited by Christians in support of their accusation, shows that the designation of Mary by the Quran as a “member” of the Trinity, is simply not true.
While the Quran does condemn both Trinitarianism (the Quran 4:171; 5:73)[2] and the worship of Jesus and his mother Mary (the Quran 5:116)[3], nowhere does it identify the actual three components of the Christian Trinity. The position of the Quran is that WHO or WHAT comprises this doctrine is not important; what is important is that the very notion of a Trinity is an affront against the concept of One God.
In conclusion, we see that the doctrine of the Trinity is a concept conceived entirely by man; there is no sanction whatsoever from God to be found regarding the matter simply because the whole idea of a Trinity of divine beings has no place in monotheism. In the Quran, God’s Final Revelation to mankind, we find His stand quite clearly stated in a number of eloquent passages:
“... your God is One God: whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner.” (Quran 18:110)
“... take not, with God, another object of worship, lest you should be thrown into Hell, blameworthy and rejected.” (Quran 17:39)
– because, as God tells us over and over again in a Message that is echoed throughout ALL His Revealed Scriptures:
“... I am your Lord and Cherisher: therefore, serve Me (and no other) ...” (Quran 21:92)
Footnotes:
[1] What Everyone Should Know About Islam and Muslims (Library of Islam, 1985) (pp. 183-184)
[2] “O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion or say about God except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a Messenger of God and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in God and His messengers. And do not say, ‘Three’; desist—it is better for you. Indeed, God is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is God as Disposer of affairs.” (Quran 4:171)
[3] “And [beware the Day] when God will say, ‘O Jesus, Son of Mary, did you say to the people, ‘Take me and my mother as deities besides God?’ ‘He will say, ‘Exalted are You! It was not for me to say that to which I have no right. If I had said it, You would have known it. You know what is within myself, and I do not know what is within Yourself. Indeed, it is You who is Knower of the unseen.’ (Quran 5:116)
Hadis: «Kolaylaştırınız, zorlaştırmayınız. Müjdeleyiniz, ürkütmeyiniz.» - Nebevi Hadisler Ansiklopedisi Tercümesi
Hadis: «Kolaylaştırınız, zorlaştırmayınız. Müjdeleyiniz, ürkütmeyiniz.» - Nebevi Hadisler Ansiklopedisi Tercümesi: Hadis: «Kolaylaştırınız, zorlaştırmayınız. Müjdeleyiniz, ürkütmeyiniz.» - Nebevi Hadisler Ansiklopedisi Tercümesi
On the Importance of Keeping Conversations Private
On the Importance of Keeping Conversations Private
Jābir (r) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said, "All discussions are to be considered as a sacred trust (amānah), except if it involves shedding blood, or fornication, or theft" (Reported by Abū Dawūd).
This is an important yet oft-neglected principle of our faith. The *default* when it comes to all conversations or correspondence is that one should not discuss anything without the permission of the one who spoke. In contrast to this, Western culture sometimes assumes that only those conversations in which you are sworn to secrecy are private; otherwise they assume the default is that it is not private.
However, the etiquettes of our faith assume the exact opposite: if someone comes to you and asks about a very specific matter, or conveys some information, you should assume that it was a private matter meant for your ears only. For example, if someone says he is considering applying for a particular job position, or proposing for marriage to someone, or asks for your advice about a potential business he has in mind, you should assume that this information is confidential and not intended for other people to know. Hence when Umar (r) asked both Abu Bakr (r) and `Uthmān (r) if they were interested in marrying his recently widowed daughter Ḥafsa (ra), they both politely declined because they knew that the Prophet ﷺ had been asking about her, and they didn't inform Umar (r) of that. It was not their place to do so, as any conversations they had were private.
Obviously, if the person says that something is public news, or common sense dictates it (for example, it's not personal information), then one may inform others. If this is not the case, then spreading such information means you have betrayed the trust that Allah obliged you to maintain. The sin is even more compounded when one has been asked to maintain privacy and yet still breaks that trust; but it must be said clearly (again!) that our religion doesn't require this condition to be explicitly made in the first place, as it is the default.
There is one exception: when the conversation entails an offense or sin against someone else. So, if someone confides in you a plot to kidnap, or kill, or harm, or rape, or steal from someone else, there is no sacred trust, and you are in fact obliged to take adequate measures to ensure that such a plot does not occur, which means telling the authorities or appropriate people of that conversation.
Of the signs of piety is to protect one's trusts (amānah); hence the pious do not break their trusts and spill private conversations and correspondences to others.
May Allah make us of the pious!
Alukah in English - Homepage
Alukah in English - Homepage: Alukah is a comprehensive, informational, cultural, scientific, and literary Network. It is composed of six sites, in which elite scholars, intellectuals, and callers for Allah participate under the supervision of Dr. `Abdullah ibn Sa`d Al Humayd and His Excellency Dr. Khalid ibn `Abdur-Rahman Al Jeraisy
الإسلام يدخل ثلاث قرى لم يكن بها مسلمون من قبل شمال غانا
الإسلام يدخل ثلاث قرى لم يكن بها مسلمون من قبل شمال غانا:
تواصل مؤسسةُ نماء الخيرية استكمالَ فعاليات قوافلها الدعوية المستمرة في قرى دولة غانا الإفريقية، سعيًا لزيادة أعداد المسلمين هناك، خصوصًا بالقرى والمناطق التي لم يكن بها مسلمون.
مشروع هٌدهٌد - جمعية الإغاثة الإنسانية
مشروع هٌدهٌد - جمعية الإغاثة الإنسانية:
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