السبت، 17 نوفمبر 2018
Crucifixion - Types - Prescribed to whom? Crucifixion in the Ancient World (before Eshoa [Jesus ] was born)
Crucifixion - Types - Prescribed to whom? Crucifixion in the Ancient World (before Eshoa [Jesus ] was born)
What did the ancients think of crucifixion? Dr. Richard P. Bucher
They considered it to be the most shameful, the most painful, and the most abhorrent of all executions. The most cruel and disgusting penalty. The most wretched of deaths.The worst of all capital punishments. The most obscene, the most disgraceful, THE MOST HORRIFIC execution known to man.
The Innocent Truthful Eshoa [Jesus] son of Maryam (Mary), killed-crucified as a criminal & cursed?
تمت إضافة ١٧ صورة جديدة بواسطة Esa/Eshoa-Jesus a Prophet of Allah/The One God إلى الألبوم: Crucifixion - Types - Prescribed to whom? — مع Tim Hachero.
Crucifixion in the Ancient World
By Dr. Richard P. Bucher
By Dr. Richard P. Bucher
The Romans did not invent crucifixion as a method of execution, though it seems that they perfected it. On the basis of the writings of the Greek author Herodotus, it seems that the Persians were the first to use crucifixion (Herodotus 1:128.2; 3:125.3; 3:132.2; 3:159.1). For example, Herodotus tells us that King Darius (mentioned in the Bible) had 3000 Babylonians crucified in about 519 B.C. (4:43.2,7; 6:30.1; 7:194.1). The sources reveal that, two centuries later, Alexander the Great also used crucifixion in his conquests. For example in his History of Alexander, Curtius Rufus tells us that Alexander had 2000 citizens of Tyre crucified after he had conquered that city (4:4.17). The Romans eventually conquered the Greeks (Carthaginians) and it was from them that the Romans probably learned crucifixion. However, as the Romans themselves were fond of noting, crucifixion was also used by many "barbarian" peoples, such as Indians, the Assyrians, the Scythians, and the Celts. It was also later used by the Germans and the Britains (For the exact sources, see Martin Hengel, Crucifixion, trans. John Bowden (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1977), 22-23).
What did the ancients think of crucifixion? They considered it to be the most shameful, the most painful, and the most abhorrent of all executions. The Roman statesman Cicero called it "the most cruel and disgusting penalty" (Verrem 2:5.165) and "the most extreme penalty" (Verrem 2:5.168). The Jewish historian Josephus, who certainly witnessed enough crucifixions himself, called it "the most wretched of deaths." The Roman jurist Julius Paulus listed crucifixion in first place as the worst of all capital punishments, listing it ahead of death by burning, death by beheading, or death by the wild beasts. And from Seneca we have this quotation, which is one of the most unique descriptions of a crucifixion in non-Biblical literature:
• Can anyone be found who would prefer wasting away in pain dying limb by limb, or letting out his life drop by drop, rather than expiring once for all? Can any man by found willing to be fastened to the accursed tree, long sickly, already deformed, swelling with ugly wounds on shoulders and chest, and drawing the breath of life amid long drawn-out agony? He would have many excuses for dying even before mounting the cross (Dialogue 3:2.2).
The ancients considered death by crucifixion to be not just any execution, but the most obscene, the most disgraceful, the most horrific execution known to man.
How common was crucifixion in the ancient world? Quite common, at least among the Romans. Though Roman law usually spared Roman citizens from being crucified, they used crucifixion especially against rebellious foreigners, military enemies, violent criminals, robbers, and slaves. In fact slaves were so routinely crucified that crucifixion become known as the "slaves' punishment" (servile supplicium; see Valerius Maximus 2:7.12). Appian tells us that when the slave rebellion of Spartacus was crushed, the Roman general Crassus had six thousand of the slave prisoners crucified along a stretch of the Appian Way, the main road leading into Rome (Bella Civilia 1:120). As an example of crucifying rebellious foreigners, Josephus tells us that when the Romans were besieging Jerusalem in 70 A.D. the Roman general Titus, at one point, crucified five hundred or more Jews a day. In fact, so many Jews were crucified outside of the walls that "there was not enough room for the crosses and not enough crosses for the bodies" (Wars of the Jews 5:11.1).
How was crucifixion actually carried out? The first thing we learn from the sources is that there was great variety in the way crucifixions were done. The main thing was to expose the victim to the utmost indignity. The Romans appear to have followed the same procedure in most cases, but even they departed from this at times. Seneca points to this reality when he writes in one place, "I see crosses there, not just of one kind but made in many different ways: some have their victims with head down to the ground; some impale their private parts; others stretch out their arms on the gibbet" (Dialogue 6:20.3).
So what form did a more normal crucifixion take? First came the flogging or scourging. The flogging usually was done by two soldiers using a short whip (flagrum, flagellum) that had several leather thongs of different lengths. Tied to these leather thongs were small iron balls or sharp pieces of sheep bones. The victim was stripped of his clothing and his hands were tied above him to a post. The back, legs and buttocks would then be flogged until the person collapsed. With the back and legs thus torn open there would be extensive blood loss. This blood loss from the flogging often determined how long it took the crucified person to die on the cross. The ancient sources tell us that many some people died just from the flogging.
Next the condemned man was made to carry his own cross to the place of crucifixion outside the city walls. This was not the whole cross, however, which probably would have weighed well over 300 pounds. The condemned man typically carried the crossbeam (patibulum) across his shoulders, shoulders that had just been ripped open by the flogging. This crossbeam would have weighed from 75-125 pounds. This procession to the site of crucifixion was ordinarily led by a complete military guard, headed by a centurion. A sign (titulus) which told what the condemned man was guilty of, was sometimes carried by a soldier and sometimes put around the condemned man's neck. Later this sign would be attached to the top of the cross.
There is some evidence in the sources that certain cities in the Roman Empire had places of execution set up outside the walls of the city. The Roman historian Tacitus records that there was such a place in Rome on the Campus Esqulinus (Annals 2:32.2; 15:60.1). Golgotha, outside the walls of Jerusalem, also appears to have been such a set place of execution. At these places of execution would have been permanently located the upright beam of the cross (stipes) onto which the crossbeam piece which the condemned man carried would be attached. When the victim reached the place of execution, by law, he was given a drink of wine mixed with myrrh (gall). This was intended to be mild narcotic that would deaden the pain. The criminal was then stripped naked, thrown to the ground on his back with his arms outstretched along the crossbeam. The hands then would either be tied or nailed to the crossbeam, but the sources clearly indicate that nailing was the Romans' preferred method. Then the victim, now nailed to the crossbeam, would be hoisted up so that the crossbeam was attached to the upright beam. Finally the feet were nailed, one on top of the other, to the upright beam with another iron spike. Jutting out from the upright beam was a small block or plank (sedile) which the crucified would straddle, thus absorbing some of the weight of the body. From the sources we know that there was a high cross and a short cross. The short cross was the more common and was no more than seven feet high.
An archeological breakthrough occurred in June, 1968. For the first time ever, the remains of a crucified man were found in an ancient burial chamber in the northern portion of Jerusalem. The remains were from the time of Jesus, the first century A.D. The name of the crucified man was scratched onto the ossuary. His name was Jehohanan ben Hagqol. The nail driven through his feet was still in place in the feet. It was about 7 inches long and made of iron. Chemical examination of this nail revealed that the cross which the nail had been driven into had been made out of olive wood. Further evidence revealed that the nails had been driven, not through his palms, but through his wrists, between the radius and cubitus. The ancients considered the wrist to be part of the hand. This great archeological find clearly demonstrated once and for all that nails were used in crucifixion.
The pain of crucifixion is not difficult to imagine. In addition to the excruciating pain from the nails, the position of the crucified on the cross led to marked interference with normal respiration, especially exhalation. Earlier I had quoted from Seneca who had described the crucified victim as "drawing the breath of life amid long drawn-out agony." The crucified person could not exhale properly and this eventually would lead to painful muscle cramps. Furthermore, adequate exhaling required the crucified to lift his body by pushing up on the feet and rotating his elbows. This, of course, resulted in searing pain in both feet and hands. Lifting of the body to properly exhale would also painfully scrape the scourged back against the rough wooden cross, probably reopening wounds and causing more bleeding. On the cross every breath would be an agonizing affair and finally in combination with exhaustion would lead to asphyxia.
Death by crucifixion sometimes didn't come to the crucified for several days. There the crucified would hang, naked, the object of jeering and ridicule, insects landing in their mouth, eyes, and open wounds, and unable to remove them, exposed to the elements, unable to eat or drink. Crucifixion in the ancient world, as the ancients themselves tell us, was the most disgraceful and agonizing execution known to man.
*An illustration of an example (from many) what is called crucifixion.
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البقاء مع زوجة لا تصلي
البقاء مع زوجة لا تصلي: ما حكم الزوجة التي لا تصلي، علماً بأني بينت لها عقوبة تارك الصلاة، فأحيانا تصلي وأحياناً
Est-ce que le mort sent la visite du vivant à sa tombe I
Est-ce que le mort sent la visite du vivant à sa tombe I: Premiegraverement il est important de savoir que le mort sent larriveacutee du visiteur agrave sa tombe lentend sen console ou sen afflige mais ne pe..
#KNOW_YOUR_BIBLE
I am a #MUSLIM and I Love Jesus Christ PBUH as a Messenger of God sent to the lost sheep of Israel 🇮🇱
SIMPLE REASONS WHY JESUS IS NOT GOD
1. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS GOD DOESN'T CHANGE HIS NATURE. MOST CHRISTIANS BELIEVE THAT GOD BECAME MAN BUT IT CONTRADICTS THIS BELIEF IN THE FOLLOWING VERSE OF THE BIBLE:
👉"I am the LORD, and I do not change. That is why you descendants of Jacob are not already destroyed." (Malachi 3:6)
2. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE IS NOT THE GREATEST. GOD ALMIGHTY IS GREATER THAN JESUS:
👉"Remember what I told you: I am going away, but I will come back to you again. If you really loved me, you would be happy that I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I." (John 14:28)
3. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE IS NOT THE ALL-KNOWER. JESUS SAID HE DOESN'T KNOW WHEN THE HOUR WILL COME. ONLY GOD KNOWS:
👉"But about that day or hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father." (Mark 13:32)
4. NO ONE CAN SEE GOD ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE. THEREFORE, JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS MANY PEOPLE SAW HIM:
👉But," he said, "you cannot see my face, for no one may see me and live." (Exodus 33:20)
👉No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God lives in us and his love is made complete in us. (1 John 4:12)
5. GOD IN THE BIBLE IS EVERLASTING AND LIVES FOREVER:
👉LORD, are you not from everlasting? My God, my Holy One, you will never die. (Habakkuk 1:12)
👉But you are always the same; you will live forever. (Pslam 102:27)
THERFORE, JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE DID DIE ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE:
👉"For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures." (1 Corinthians 15:3)
6. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE CAN DO NOTHING BY HIMSELF:
👉By myself I can do nothing; I judge only as I hear, and my judgment is just, for I seek not to please myself but him who sent me. (John 5:30)
7. GOD IN THE BIBLE IS SELF-SUFFICIENT:
👉If I were hungry I would not tell you, for the world is mine, and all that is in it. (Psalm 50:12)
THERFORE, JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE WAS HUNGRY AS WELL AS THIRSTY:
👉The next day as they were leaving Bethany, Jesus was hungry. (Mark 11:12)
👉Later, knowing that everything had now been finished, and so that Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I am thirsty." (John 19:28)
8. ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE GOD ALMIGHTY CANNOT BE TEMPTED:
👉And remember, when you are being tempted, do not say, "God is tempting me." For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does he tempt anyone. (James 1:13)
THEREFORE, JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE WAS TEMPTED BY SATAN:
👉Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil. (Matthew 4:1)
9. NO ONE IS "GOOD" INCLUDING JESUS. ONLY GOD IS" GOOD". SO JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE IS NOT "GOOD":
👉"Why do you call me good?" Jesus answered. "No one is good--except God alone." (Luke 18:19)
10. GOD DECLARED HIMSELF TO BE GOD BUT JESUS DIDN'T. THEREFORE JESES CAN NEVER BE GOD:
👉"Keep my Sabbaths holy, that they may be a sign between us. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God." (Ezekiel 20:20)
11. JESUS NEVER SAID THAT HE IS GOD OR TO WORSHIP HIM. MOREOVER HE NEVER TAUGHT TRINITY(Belief of 3 in 1 God), RATHER HE TAUGHT MONOTHEISM (Belief in One God). JESUS SAID, "OUR GOD IS ONE GOD":
👉Jesus replied, "The most important commandment is this: 'Listen, O Israel! The LORD our God is the one and only LORD." (Mark 12:29 )
12. JESUS SAID, "MY GOD AND YOUR GOD". THERFORE, JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE ALREADY HAS A GOD TO WHOM HE WILL ASCEND:
👉Jesus said, "Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, 'I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.'" (John 20:17)
13. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE PRAYED TO THE GOD ALMIGHTY:
👉While Jesus was here on earth, he offered prayers and pleadings, with a loud cry and tears, to the one who could rescue him from death. And God heard his prayers because of his deep reverence for God. (Hebrew 5:7)
👉One of those days Jesus went out to a mountainside to pray, and spent the night praying to God. (Luke 6:12)
👉Going a little farther, he fell with his face to the ground and prayed, "My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me. Yet not as I will, but as you will." (Matthew 26:39)
14. JESUS SAID HE WAS SENT BY GOD. A GOD CAN NEVER BE SENT BY ANOTHER GOD:
👉Jesus answered, "I was sent only to help God's lost sheep--the people of Israel." (Matthew 15:24)
👉For I gave them the words you gave me and they accepted them. They knew with certainty that I came from you, and they believed that you sent me. (John 17:8)
15. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE DIDN'T EVEN HAS HIS OWN DOCTRINE:
👉Jesus answered, "My teaching is not my own. It comes from the one who sent me. (John 7:16)
16. GOD IS THE ONLY ESSENCE OF WORSHIP. IF JESUS WAS GOD, THEN HE WOULD HAVE TOLD PEOPLE TO WORSHIP HIM. TRULY, HE DID THE EXACT OPPOSITE AS IN THE FOLLOWING VERSES:
👉"These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. And in vain do they worship me, teaching instructions that are the commandments of men."(Matthew 15:8-9)
17. JESUS IS A MAN ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE:
👉But now you are trying to kill me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. This is not what Abraham did. (John 8:40)
👉For there is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus. (1 Timothy 2:5)
18. JESUS IS SON OF MAN ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE:
👉"I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven." (Mark 14:62)
👉And he has given him authority to judge everyone because he is the Son of Man. (John 5:27)
19. GOD IS NEITHER A MAN NOR SON OF A MAN ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE. THEREFORE, JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE WAS A MAN AS WELL AS SON OF MAN:
👉God is not man, that he should lie, or a son of man, that he should change his mind. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not fulfill it? (Numbers 23:19)
20. JESUS CAN NEVER BE GOD AS HE WAS A SERVANT OF GOD:
👉The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of our fathers, has glorified his servant Jesus. You handed Him over to be killed and rejected Him before Pilate, even though he had decided to release Him. (Acts 3:13)
21. JESUS WAS A PROPHET ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE:
👉After some of the crowd heard Jesus say these words, they said, "This man is certainly the prophet." (John 7:40)
👉Jesus said to them, "A prophet is not without honor except in his own town, among his relatives and in his own home." (Mark 6:4)
👉"What things?" Jesus asked. "The things that happened to Jesus, the man from Nazareth," they said. "He was a prophet who did powerful miracles, and he was a mighty teacher in the eyes of God and all the people. (Luke 24:19)
👉The crowds answered, "This is Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee." (Matthew 21:11)
👉They were all filled with awe and praised God. "A great prophet has appeared among us," they said. "God has come to help his people." This news about Jesus spread throughout Judea and the surrounding country. (Luke 7:16-17)
👉After the people saw the sign Jesus performed, they began to say, "Surely this is the Prophet who is to come into the world." (John 6:14
-- Dua & Dhikr after Salat --
قناة الهدى مع Mansur Alam و١٢ آخرين.
-- Dua & Dhikr after Salat --
1) Astaghfirullah (3 times)
I seek forgiveness from Allah.
2) Allahumma Antas-Salam Wa Mink-Assalam, Tabaarakta Ya Dhal Jalaali Wal-Ikraam (1 time)
'O Allah! You are the One free of defects, and perfection is from You. Blessed are You, Possessor of Majesty and Honor.'"
3) Allahumma A’inni ‘Ala Dhikrika Wa Shukrika Wa Husni ‘ibadatik
(1 time)
(1 time)
O Allah Help me in remembering You, thanking You, and perfecting my worship of You.
4) Allaahumma inni as’aluka rizqan tayyiban, wa ‘ilman naafi’an, wa ‘amalan mutaqabbalan (Recite after Fajr Salat)
O Allah, I ask you for good (halal) provision, beneficial knowledge and accepted good deeds
5) Subhan'Allah (Glory be to Allah); (33 times)
Alhamdulillah (All praise is for Allah); (33 times)
Allahu Akbar (Allah is Great); (33 times)
Alhamdulillah (All praise is for Allah); (33 times)
Allahu Akbar (Allah is Great); (33 times)
Laa ilaha ill-Allah Wahdahu Laa Shareeka Lahu, Lahul-Mulk Wa Lahu’l-Hamd Wa Huwa ‘Ala Kulli Shay’in Qadeer (1 time)
(There is none worthy of worship except Allah Alone, with no partner, His is the power and His is the praise, and He is Able to do all things)
(sins will be forgiven even If these are as abundant as the foam of the sea)
(sins will be forgiven even If these are as abundant as the foam of the sea)
Or 6)
Subhan'Allah (Glory be to Allah); (33 times)
Alhamdulillah (All praise is for Allah); (33 times)
Allahu Akbar (Allah is Great); (34 times)
(Reciting after Salah will never cause disappointment)
Subhan'Allah (Glory be to Allah); (33 times)
Alhamdulillah (All praise is for Allah); (33 times)
Allahu Akbar (Allah is Great); (34 times)
(Reciting after Salah will never cause disappointment)
7) Dua after Ending Witr Salat
After salam, say:
After salam, say:
Subhanal-Malik al-Quddoos
(How far from imperfections The King, The Holy One is)
(Recite 3 times)
(Recite 3 times)
8) Ayatal Kursi
Allahu Laaa ilaaha illaa Huwal Haiyul Qaiyoom; Laa Taakhuzuhoo Sinatunw Wa Laa Nawm; Lahoo Maa Fissamaawaati Wa Maa Fil Ard; Man Zal Lazee Yashfa'u Indahooo illaa Bi-iznih; Ya'lamu Maa Baina Aydeehim Wa Maa Khalfahum Wa Laa Yuheetoona Bishai'im Min 'ilmihee illaa Bimaa Shaaa'; Wasi'a Kursiyyuhus Samaawaati Wal Arda Wa Laa Ya'ooduho Hifzuhumaa; Wa Huwal Aliyyul 'Azeem
Allah. There is no god but He,-the Living, the Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence except as He permitteth? He knoweth what (appeareth to His creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge except as He willeth. His Throne doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory).
9) SURAH AL-FALAQ (113)
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem
1. Qul a'uzoo bi rabbil-falaq
2. Min sharri ma khalaq
3. Wa min sharri ghasiqin iza waqab
4. Wa min sharrin-naffaa-thaati fil 'uqad
5. Wa min shar ri haasidin iza hasad
1. Qul a'uzoo bi rabbil-falaq
2. Min sharri ma khalaq
3. Wa min sharri ghasiqin iza waqab
4. Wa min sharrin-naffaa-thaati fil 'uqad
5. Wa min shar ri haasidin iza hasad
1. Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the Dawn
2. From the mischief of created things;
3. From the mischief of Darkness as it overspreads;
4. From the mischief of those who practise secret arts;
5. And from the mischief of the envious one as he practises envy.
2. From the mischief of created things;
3. From the mischief of Darkness as it overspreads;
4. From the mischief of those who practise secret arts;
5. And from the mischief of the envious one as he practises envy.
SURAH AN-NAS (114)
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem
1. Qul a'uzu birabbin naas
2. Malikin naas
3. ilaahin naas
4. Min sharril was waasil khannaas
5. Al lazee yuwas wisu fee sudoorin naas
6. Minal jinnati wan naas
1. Qul a'uzu birabbin naas
2. Malikin naas
3. ilaahin naas
4. Min sharril was waasil khannaas
5. Al lazee yuwas wisu fee sudoorin naas
6. Minal jinnati wan naas
1. Say: I seek refuge with the Lord and Cherisher of Mankind,
2. The King (or Ruler) of Mankind,
3. The Allah (for judge) of Mankind,-
4. From the mischief of the Whisperer (of Evil), who withdraws (after his whisper),-
5. (The same) who whispers into the hearts of Mankind,-
6. Among Jinns and among men.
2. The King (or Ruler) of Mankind,
3. The Allah (for judge) of Mankind,-
4. From the mischief of the Whisperer (of Evil), who withdraws (after his whisper),-
5. (The same) who whispers into the hearts of Mankind,-
6. Among Jinns and among men.
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