In the name of Allah, Most Compassionate, Most Merciful,
The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ says:
A solar and lunar eclipse does not take place upon the life or death of any person, but they are creations from His creation. Allāh changes in His creation whatever He wishes. So whichever of the two eclipse, perform ṣalāh until it brightens up, or Allāh brings forth a big matter (i.e. the Day of Judgement).
(Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ)
Sayyidunā Abū Bakrah RA narrates that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said: ‘The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allāh and they do not eclipse because of the death of someone but Allāh frightens His devotees with them.’
(Bukhārī)
Eclipse Prayer
How many rakaa’aat?
Hadeeth in Bukhari , 2 raka’aat. A very long recitation in the first standing (similar to Al-Baqarah in length), the subsequent ruku’ is slightly reduced in length. Standing from the ruku’, begin another period of recitation, then ruku’ again, then sujood. Repeat same for the second unit, each time reducing the length of standing + ruku’
Jamaa’ah or alone?
Fuqahaa agree on praying in jamaa‘ah, but it can also be prayed alone
The Prophet (salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) announced ‘Al-Salat Al-Jaami‘ah’ and prayed it in the masjid without the adhan
For those at work, they should try to take time off to at least pray alone if not attend a jamaa‘ah
Loud or quiet recitation?
There are ahadeeth mentioning the recitation was loud, other narrators mentioning they did not hear the Prophet (salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)’s reciatation
Imaam Al-Shaafi‘ee stated the khutbah is a part of the eclipse prayer
Others stated that the speech of the Prophet (salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) was an explanation for the sahabah who were witnessing this event straight after the passing away of his (salla Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)’s baby son Ibraheem. So the khutbah is not necessary when we pray.
Obligatory or sunnah?
It is not a waajib, but whoever can take time out of work/ other engagements should really do so. We may not live to see another full solar eclipse, so grab this opportunity and beautify your book with this sunnah.
Sisters who are not able to pray should spend that time in du’aa, adhkaar, istighfaar, tawabah and encourage their families.
Do not depend on calendars and calculations, as they are not necessarily accurate. See the eclipse for yourself and begin the prayer.
The prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam advised the people saying:
“Surely the sun and the moon are two signs from the signs of Allah. They do not eclipse upon the death or the life of anyone. When you witness the two signs you should hasten for Salah.”
(Bukhari, Muslim)
The shariah has fixed a special prayer at this time.
What to do during an eclipse
Eclipses are not something to be seen and to look forward to. When the prophet saw passed through the ruins of Thamud during the expedition of Tabuk, he covered his face with his garment and quickened the pace of his camel. He also instructed the sahaba to do the same, as it was the scene of Thamud’s destruction.
Istigfaar is key to bringing the mercy of Allah, and solving difficult situations. Once several people came to Hasan Basri ra, and complained of various different problems. He advised all of them to do istigfaar. The people around him asked why he had given all of them the same advice. He replied by reading the verses from Surah Nooh 10-12 which discuss the various benefits of istigfaar.
One should also give sadaqah as the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam encouraged this during such occasions. The prophet saw also said that verily sadaqah extinguishes the anger of Allah.
As mentioned before, there is also a special salaah during the time of eclipse.
To pray Salaah is sunnah according to consensus.
Salaah
Some hanafiyyah have said that it is wajib, but this is not the preferred opinion, rather, it is sunnah muakkadah.
There is difference of opinion among the four imams in the way that it is to be performed.
The Hanafi School- the salaah will be like ordinary 2 rakats, with only one rukoo in each rakaat. There will also be qiraat in each rakaat as usual. This is because the hadith of Abu Bakr and Samura ra do not mention anything extra.
According to the other three schools, (Shafi’ee Maliki & Hanbali), there will be 2 rukoos in each rakaat, and hence there will also be two qiraats in each rakaat. This is supported by the hadith of Ayesha and Ibn Abbas ra in which there is a mention of 4 rukoos in 2 rakaats.
The hanafiyyah have stated that the ahadith vary and state 2 to 5 rukoos in each rakaat. Some scholars have tried to answer this difference by saying the number of rukoos in each rakaats will be according to the length of the eclipse. Tabari ra says the people praying will decide the number of rakaats.
Qiraat
It is sunnah to have long qiraat in kusoof. It is better to recite a long surah like Baqarah, Aal Imraan and others of a similar length. If the qiraat is short, then one should keep engaged in dua or reciting the quran.
According to Imam Abu Hanifa, Malik and Shafi ra, the qiraat should be done quietly, because the hadith of Samura ra states the sahabi could not hear the qiraat of the prophet saw.
According to Imam Abu Yusuf and Ahmad ra, the qiraat should be done loudly. This is narrated from Ayesha ra.
Khutba
The prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam also gave a khutba at the time of kusoof, this the shafi school says there will be 2 khutbas after the prayer, just like jummah and Eid khutbas. Others have stated that the khutba of the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam was only to remove the misconception that eclipses take place when someone of great importance is born or dies.
Other points
The hanafi and maliki school state that this salaah should NOT be perfomed during impermissible and disliked prayer times. The shafi school gives permission to perform salaatul kusoof even during disliked times.
It is preferable to perform the Salah where eid is performed or in a Majsid. It can also be performed in other places.
The prayer will be performed in congregation, and it is better if the local imam leads.
It is mustahab to do zikr, make dua, and give sadaqa, because the prophet sallallahu alayhi wasallam encouraged these.
There will be no azaan and iqamah for salatulkusoof.
Ladies should pray Salah and keep busy in Dhikrullah, tawba & istighfar, in their own places.
prayer of eclipse
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