Islamic International Network - IIN
The Quranic verse (2:282), which states,
*"If there are not two men, then a man and two women… so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her,"*
is interpreted as reflecting a profound alignment with modern neuroscience, particularly regarding cognitive and neurobiological differences between men and women.
Research by Ingalhalikar et al. (PNAS, 2013), utilizing Diffusion MRI on 949 individuals, demonstrated that male brains exhibit stronger intra-hemispheric connectivity, enhancing motor, spatial, and organizational skills, while female brains show greater inter-hemispheric connectivity, supporting verbal, emotional, and interactive memory processes.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania have discovered fundamental differences between the neural wiring of the male and female brain. The human brain has four hemispheres—two in the cerebrum and two in the cerebellum. This is one of the largest studies to analyze the "connectomes" between—and within—each of the brain’s four hemispheres
This suggests that the Quranic requirement for two women in financial testimony leverages their complementary cognitive strengths, ensuring accuracy through collaborative recall rather than implying deficiency.
Additionally, Tomasi & Volkow (NeuroImage, 2011) found that women have higher local functional connectivity density, enhancing attention to detail and emotional integration, while men excel in long-range connectivity for spatial and analytical tasks. This supports the Quranic framework of cooperative testimony, minimizing errors in complex financial transactions through complementary neural capacities.
Health studies further corroborate this perspective. Research from Ohio State University (2016), involving over 7,500 individuals, revealed that women working more than 60 hours weekly face significantly elevated risks of chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, heart disease, diabetes) compared to men, who demonstrate greater physiological resilience.
This aligns with Quranic principles such as *"Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity"* (2:286) and *"The male is not like the female"* (3:36), reflecting a legislative wisdom that assigns roles based on biological and psychological capacities to promote well-being and social balance.
Moreover, the underrepresentation of women in STEM Nobel Prizes (e.g., all science prizes awarded to men in 2019) may partially reflect innate neurobiological differences in cognitive interests, beyond cultural factors. This underscores the Quranic approach of distributing roles in accordance with physiological and psychological realities, ensuring justice and compassion.
In conclusion, the Quranic testimony rule exemplifies a legislative miracle, harmonizing with modern scientific insights into gender-based neurobiological and health differences. It promotes a balanced, complementary division of responsibilities, safeguarding individual and societal well-being.
Exclusively by
Islamic Scientific Miracles IIN members
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