The Scientific Miracles in the Verse:
(Do you not see that Allah drives the clouds, then joins them together, then makes them into a mass, and you see the rain emerge from within it; and He sends down from the sky, from mountains within it, hail; and He strikes with it whom He wills and averts it from whom He wills; the flash of its lightning almost takes away the sight.) [An-Nur: 43]
The Methodical Order of Ideas in the Verse
The verse precisely describes the stages of cloud formation, rainfall, and hail production in a scientifically accurate sequence consistent with modern meteorology.
1. The Stage of Aerial Driving
(Do you not see that Allah drives the clouds)
Meaning: Allah directs the winds that gently push the clouds and move them in various directions.
Scientific Explanation: Winds carry moist air masses laden with water vapor into cooler regions, where condensation begins and clouds form.2. The Stage of Unification and Merging
(Then He joins them together)
Meaning: Allah causes small clouds to gather and merge, forming larger cloud systems.
Modern Science: Cumulonimbus clouds develop when smaller clouds unite through upward air currents, gradually increasing in size and density.3. The Stage of Vertical Accumulation
(Then He makes them into a mass)
Meaning: The clouds pile up in successive layers, forming towering vertical structures.
Modern Science: Cumulonimbus clouds may reach altitudes of 10–12 km, appearing as “mountains” in the sky. These are the ideal environments for hail formation and thunderstorms.4. The Stage of Rainfall
(And you see the rain emerge from within it)
Meaning: “Al-wadaq” refers to the rain pouring down from within the cloud.
Modern Science: Rain results from the coalescence and condensation of water droplets within the cumulonimbus cloud until they become heavy enough to fall.5. The Stage of Hail Formation
(And He sends down from the sky, from mountains within it, hail)
Meaning: From towering clouds resembling mountains, Allah causes hailstones to form and descend.
Modern Science: Hail develops inside mountain-like cumulonimbus clouds, where strong updrafts lift water droplets into extremely cold zones, freezing them layer by layer into hailstones of varying sizes.6.The Stage of Light and Lightning
﴿The flash of its lightning almost takes away the sight﴾
Meaning: The lightning produced by the electrical discharge within these clouds is extremely bright and dazzling.
Modern Science: Lightning occurs due to the discharge of electrical charges between differently charged layers of clouds. It is a characteristic feature of cumulonimbus clouds that produce hail and thunderstorms.
The Scientific Aspects of Miraculous Precision in the VerseMiracle in the Accurate Scientific Sequence:
The verse follows the exact sequence established by modern meteorology — from the driving of winds, to the merging of clouds, their vertical accumulation, followed by rainfall and hail formation.
Miracle in the Expression “Mountains within it”:
Describing clouds as “mountains” is a scientifically proven fact. Cumulonimbus clouds can reach altitudes of several kilometers and appear like massive mountains in satellite imagery.
Miracle in the Expression “From within it”:
The phrase ﴿You see the rain emerge from within it﴾ indicates that rain originates from inside the cloud itself — not merely from its lower surface — which modern weather radar observations have confirmed.
Miracle in the Divine Regulation of Climate:
The phrase ﴿He strikes with it whom He wills and averts it from whom He wills﴾ reflects the precise and localized distribution of rainfall and hail, exactly as shown in satellite images that reveal highly specific storm patterns.
Miracle in Lightning and Luminous Energy:
The description “its flash almost takes away the sight” perfectly corresponds to the intense brightness of lightning flashes that accompany hailstorms, produced by large electric discharges within cumulonimbus clouds.
ConclusionThis noble verse represents a miraculous harmony between Qur’anic expression and modern atmospheric science.
It describes — in concise, eloquent, and scientifically precise language — the entire meteorological process:
The formation of cumulonimbus clouds,
The mechanism of rainfall and hail,
The mountainous structure of clouds,
The role of wind in cloud dynamics,
And the electrical phenomena of lightning.
All of this was revealed more than fourteen centuries before the development of modern meteorology — a clear sign of divine knowledge in the Qur’an.
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