الاثنين، 8 يناير 2024

Jesus in the Qur’an.

 Jesus in the Qur’an.

Islam considers Jesus to be one of the great prophets of God and respects him as much as Ibrahim (Abraham), Moses, and Mohammed. (Peace Be Upon Them) This is conformity with the Islamic view of the oneness of God, the oneness of Divine guidance, and the complementary role of the subsequent mission of God's messengers.

 

The Quranic account of Jesus starts with the conception of his mother, Mary, whose mother, the wife of Imran, vowed to dedicate her child to the service of God in the temple. When Mary became a woman, the Holy Spirit (the Archangel Gabriel) appeared to her as a man bringing her news of a son. We read the following dialogue in the Quran between Mary and the Angel:

"When the angel said, "Mary, god gives you a good tidings of a Word from Him whose name is messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, -high honoured shall he be in this world and the next, near stationed to God. He shall speak to men in the cradle, and of age, and righteous he shall be, "lord" said Mary "How shall I have a son, seeing no mortal has touched me? "Even so, he said "God creates what He will".

When he decrees a thing He but say to it, "Be", and it is. (Al-Imran 3:45-47)

(Ingatlah) ketika malaikat berkata: "Wahai Maryam! Bahawasanya Allah memberikan khabar yang mengembirakanmu, dengan (mengurniakan seorang anak yang engkau akan kandungkan semata-mata dengan) Kalimah(With a Word) daripada Allah, nama anak itu: Al-Masih, Isa Ibni Maryam, seorang yang terkemuka di dunia dan di akhirat, dan ia juga dari orang-orang yang didampingkan (diberi kemuliaan di sisi Allah).

 

"Dan ia akan berkata-kata kepada orang ramai semasa ia masih kecil dalam buaian, dan semasa ia dewasa, dan ia adalah dari orang-orang yang soleh."

 

Maryam berkata:" Wahai Tuhanku! Bagaimanakah aku akan beroleh seorang anak, padahal aku tidak pernah disentuh oleh seorang lelaki pun?" Allah berfirman; "Demikianlah keadaannya, Allah menjadikan apa yang dikehendakiNya; apabila Ia berkehendak melaksanakan sesuatu perkara, maka Ia hanyalah berfirman kepadanya: ` Jadilah engkau ', lalu menjadilah ia."  (Al-Imran 3:45-47)

In a chapter (Surah) entitled "Maryam" (Mary), the Quran tells us how Mary gave birth to her son, and how the Jesus accused her when she brought the child home:

"Then she brought the child to her folk, carrying him, and they said, "Mary, you have surely committed a monstrous thing. Sister of Aaron, your father was not a wicked man, nor your mother a woman unchaste. Mary pointed to the child; but they said, 'Hoe shall we speak to one who still in the cradle, a little child. And he said, 'Lo, I am God's servant, God has given me the Book and made me a Prophet Blessed He has made me ,wherever/may be; and hi has enjoined me to prayer, and to give the alms so long as I live, and likewise to cherish my mother; He has not made me arrogant and wicked. Peace be upon me, the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I am raised up a live. "Maryam 19:29-33)

 

Kemudian baliklah ia kepada kaumnya dengan mendokong anaknya mereka pun menempelaknya dengan berkata: Wahai Maryam! Sesungguhnya engkau telah melakukan suatu perkara yang besar salahnya! " Wahai saudara perempuan Harun, bapamu bukanlah seorang yang buruk akhlaknya, dan ibumu pula bukanlah seorang perempuan jahat!" Maka Maryam segera menunjuk kepada anaknya. Mereka berkata (dengan hairannya): "Bagaimana kami boleh berkata-kata dengan seorang yang masih kanak-kanak dalam buaian?" Ia menjawab:" Sesungguhnya aku ini hamba Allah; Ia telah memberikan kepadaku Kitab (Injil), dan Ia telah menjadikan daku seorang Nabi. Dan Ia menjadikan daku seorang yang berkat di mana sahaja aku berada, dan diperintahkan daku mengerjakan sembahyang dan memberi zakat selagi aku hidup. " Serta (diperintahkan daku) taat dan berbuat baik kepada ibuku, dan Ia tidak menjadikan daku seorang yang sombong takbur atau derhaka.

 

Dan segala keselamatan serta kesejahteraan dilimpahkan kepadaku pada hari aku diperanakkan dan pada hari aku mati, serta pada hari aku dibangkitkan hidup semula (pada hari kiamat)".

"That is Jesus, son of Mary, in word of truth, concerning which they are doubting. It is not for God to take a son unto Him. Glory be to Him, He nut says to it, 'Be, and it is. (Maryam 19:34-35)

 

Yang demikian sifat-sifatnya itulah Isa Ibni Maryam. Keterangan yang tersebut ialah keterangan yang sebenar-benarnya, yang mereka ragu-ragu dan berselisihan padanya.

 

Tiadalah layak bagi Allah mempunyai anak. Maha Sucilah Ia. Apabila menetapkan jadinya sesuatu perkara, maka hanyalah Ia berfirman kepadanya: "Jadilah engkau", lalu menjadilah ia.

After this strong statement about the nature of Jesus, God directed Mohammed (PBUH) to call the Christians to worship the one God: "Surely God is my God, and your God, so surely serve him. This is the straight path". (Maryam 19:36)

 

Dan sesungguhnya Allah ialah Tuhanku dan Tuhan kamu maka sembahlah kamu akan Dia inilah jalan yang betul - lurus ".(Maryam 19:36)

The rejection of the very idea of God having a son is restated later in the same chapter with even stronger words: "And they say, The All-merciful has taken unto Himself a son. You have indeed advanced something hideous. As if the skies are about to burst, the earth to split asunder and its mountain to fall down in the utter ruin for that they have attributed to the All-merciful a son; and behaves not the All-merciful to take a son. None there in the heavens and earth but comes to the All-merciful as a servant" (Maryam 19:88-93)

 

Dan mereka yang kafir berkata: "(Allah) Ar-Rahman, mempunyai anak." Demi sesungguhnya, kamu telah melakukan satu perkara yang besar salahnya! Langit nyaris-nyaris pecah disebabkan (anggapan mereka) yang demikian, dan bumi pula nyaris-nyaris terbelah, serta gunung-ganang pun nyaris-nyaris runtuh ranap,  Kerana mereka mendakwa mengatakan: (Allah) Ar-Rahman mempunyai anak. Padahal tiadalah layak bagi (Allah) Ar-Rahman, bahawa Ia mempunyai anak. Tidak ada sesiapapun di langit dan di bumi melainkan ia akan datang kepada (Allah) Ar-Rahman, sebagai hamba. (Maryam 19:88-93)

 

The Quran recognizes the fact that Jesus had no human father, but this does not make him the son of God, or God himself. By this criterion, Adam would have been more entitled more entitled to be the son of God, because he had neither a father nor a mother, so the Quran draws attention to the miraculous creation of both in the following verses; " truly the likeness of Jesus, in God's sight is as Adam's likeness; He created him of dust, then He said upon him, 'Be' and hi was. (Al-Imran 3:59)

Sesungguhnya perbandingan (kejadian) Nabi Isa di sisi Allah adalah sama seperti (kejadian) Nabi Adam. Allah telah menciptakan Adam dari tanah lalu berfirman kepadanya: "Jadilah engkau!" maka menjadilah ia. (Al-Imran 3:59)

 

The Quran rejects the concept of Trinity God the Father, God the son, God the Holy Spirit - as strongly as it rejects the concept of Jesus as the son of God. This is because GOD IS ONE. Three cannot be one. The Quran addresses Christians in the following verses from the Surrah entitled "An-Nisaa" (The Women)

People of the Book, do not go beyond the bounds in your religion, and say nought as to God but the Truth. The messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was only the messenger of God, and his word (Fulfilment of his word (Fulfilment of His command, through the word "Be", for the creation of Jesus) that he committed to Mary, and a spirit originating from Him (was given life by God). So believe in God and His Messengers, and say not 'Three'. Refrain, better is for you. God is only one God. Glory be to him-that He should have a son! To Him belongs all that is in the Heavens and in the Earth; God suffices for a guardian.

As for the believers, who do deeds of righteousness, we will pay them their rewards in full, and He will give them more, of His bounty; as for them who disdain and walks proud, then He will punish with a severe punishment, and they shall not find for them, apart from God, a friend or helper." (An-Nissa 4:171-173)

 

Wahai Ahli kitab (Yahudi dan Nasrani)! Janganlah kamu melampaui batas dalam perkara ugama kamu, dan janganlah kamu mengatakan sesuatu terhadap Allah melainkan yang benar; sesungguhnya Al Masih Isa ibni Maryam itu hanya seorang pesuruh Allah dan Kalimah Allah yang telah disampaikanNya kepada Maryam, dan (ia juga tiupan) roh daripadaNya. Maka berimanlah kamu kepada Allah dan Rasul-rasulNya, dan janganlah kamu mengatakan: "(Tuhan itu) tiga". Berhentilah (daripada mengatakan yang demikian), supaya menjadi kebaikan bagi kamu. Hanyasanya Allah ialah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Maha Suci Allah daripada mempunyai anak. Bagi Allah jualah segala yang ada di langit dan yang ada di bumi. Dan cukuplah menjadi Pengawal (Yang Mentadbirkan sekalian makhlukNya).

 

(Nabi Isa) Al-Masih tidak sekali-kali enggan dan angkuh daripada menjadi hamba bagi Allah, demikian juga (sikap) malaikat yang sentiasa berdamping (dengan Allah). Dan sesiapa yang enggan dan angkuh daripada beribadat (menyembah dan memperhambakan diri) kepada Allah, serta ia berlaku sombong takbur, maka Allah akan menghimpunkan mereka semua kepadaNya.

 

Sesudah itu, orang-orang yang beriman beramal soleh, Allah akan menyempurnakan bagi mereka pahala (balasan) mereka, dan Ia akan menambahkan lagi limpah kurniaNya kepada mereka. Sebaliknya orang-orang yang enggan beribadat kepada Allah dan berlaku sombong takbur, maka Allah akan menyeksa mereka dengan azab seksa yang tidak terperi sakitnya, dan mereka pula tidak akan memperoleh sesiapa pun - yang lain dari Allah - yang akan menjadi pelindung atau penolong bagi mereka (An-Nissa 4:171-173)

 

The denial of Jesus's divinity (and. For the matter, of Mary's divinity) is presented in the Quran in the form of a dialogue, at the Day of Judgement, between the Almighty Jesus. All the Messengers and their nations will gather before God and He will ask the Messengers how they were received by their people and what they said to them. Among those who will be questioned is Jesus:

"And when God said, 'O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say unto men, "Take me and my mother as gods, apart from God"? He said, 'To you be glory! It is not mine to say what I have no right to. If I indeed said it, you would have known it, knowing what is within my heart, though I do not know your knowledge; you know the things unseen. I only said to them what you did commands me: "Serve God, my God and your God." (Al-Maida 5-116-117)

 

Dan (ingatlah) ketika Allah berfirman: "Wahai Isa ibni Maryam! Engkaukah yang berkata kepada manusia: `Jadikanlah daku dan ibuku dua tuhan selain dari Allah? ' " Nabi `Isa menjawab: "Maha Suci Engkau (wahai Tuhan)! Tidaklah layak bagiku mengatakan sesuatu yang aku tidak berhak (mengatakannya). Jika aku ada mengatakannya, maka tentulah Engkau telah mengetahuinya. Engkau mengetahui apa yang ada pada diriku, sedang aku tidak mengetahui apa yang ada pada diriMu; kerana sesungguhnya Engkau jualah Yang Maha Mengetahui perkara-perkara yang ghaib.

 

"Aku tidak mengatakan kepada mereka melainkan apa yang Engkau perintahkan kepadaku mengatakannya, iaitu: `Sembahlah kamu akan Allah, Tuhanku dan Tuhan kamu ' dan adalah aku menjadi pengawas terhadap mereka (dengan membenarkan yang benar dan menyalahkan yang salah) selama aku berada dalam kalangan mereka; kemudian apabila Engkau sempurnakan tempohku, menjadilah Engkau sendiri yang mengawasi keadaan mereka, dan Engkau jualah yang menjadi Saksi atas tiap-tiap sesuatu. (Al-Maida 5-116-117)

 Jesus was a link in a long chain of Prophets and Messengers sent by God to various nations and societies whenever they needed guidance or deviated from his teachings of Moses and other Messengers. As he was miraculously supported by numerous miracles to prove that he was a Messengers from God. However, the majority of the Jews rejected his ministry.

In another verse of the Quran, Jesus confirmed the validity of the Torah which was revealed to Moses, and also conveyed he glad tidings of a final Messenger who follow him: "And when Jesus son of Mary said, 'Children of Israel, I am indeed the Messenger to you, confirming the Torah that is before me, and giving good tiding of a Messenger who shall be the praised one."(As-Saff 61:6)

 

Dan (ingatlah juga peristiwa) ketika Nabi Isa ibni Maryam berkata: "Wahai Bani Israil, sesungguhnya aku ini Pesuruh Allah kepada kamu, mengesahkan kebenaran Kitab yang diturunkan sebelumku, iaitu Kitab Taurat, dan memberikan berita gembira dengan kedatangan seorang Rasul yang akan datang kemudian daripadaku - bernama: Ahmad". Maka ketika ia datang kepada mereka membawa keterangan-keterangan yang jelas nyata, mereka berkata: "Ini ialah sihir yang jelas nyata!" (As-Saff 61:6)

Note that "praised one" is a translation of "Ahmad" - The Prophet Mohammed's name. Careful study of the New Testament shows that Jesus refers to the same Prophet in John 14:16-17: "And I will give you another Counsellor (ThProphet Mohammed). To be with you for ever, even the Spirit of Truth."

The usual explanation of this Prophecy is that the counsellor referred to is the Holy Spirit, but this explanation is excluded by a previous verse in John: "Nevertheless I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Counsellor will not come to you."

The characteristics of this counsellor, as can be derived from the prophecy, are that he will stay forever with the believers, he will glorify Jesus; and he will speak that he hears form God. All four characteristics apply to the Prophet Mohammed. He came six centuries after Jesus. He came six centuries after Jesus. He came with a universal and everlasting message, fulfilling the prophecy that the counsellor will stay forever with the faithful. He glorified Jesus as a great Prophet. The Quran attributes to Jesus miracles not mentioned in the Bible's Old and New Testaments, as well as specific verses in the Quran show how the Prophet Mohammad is rejected by Jews and Christians out of prejudice and misunderstanding, rather that carefully study the Bible.

It is a sad fact of history that not many are following the "straight path" to which people were called by Jesus. He was only followed by a few disciples inspired by God to support him. The non-believers plotted - as they would against Mohammed, six centuries later - to kill Jesus. But God had better plan for him and his followers, as the Quran tells us:

"And when Jesus perceived their unbelief, he said 'Who will be my helpers in the cause of God? The apostles said, 'we are Gods helpers. We believe in God; so bear witness of our submission God, we believe in that you have sent down, and we follow the Messenger. Inscribe us therefore with those who bear witness. 'And they devised, and God devised, and God devised, and God is the best of divisors. When God said, 'Jesus, I will take you to Me and will raise you to Me, and I will purify you (of the falsehoods) of those who do not believe. I will make your followers above the unbelievers till the Resurrection Day."(Al-Imran 3:52-55)

 

Maka ketika Nabi Isa merasa (serta mengetahui dengan yakin) akan kekufuran dari mereka (kaum Yahudi), berkatalah ia:" Siapakah penolong-penolongku (dalam perjalananku) kepada Allah (dengan menegakkan ugamaNya)?". Orang-orang "Hawariyyuun" (Penyokong-penyokong Nabi Isa) berkata: "Kamilah penolong-penolong (utusan) Allah. Kami telah beriman kepada Allah, dan saksikanlah (wahai Nabi Allah) sesungguhnya kami ialah orang-orang Islam (yang berserah bulat-bulat kepada Allah).

 

"Wahai Tuhan kami! Kami telah beriman kepada apa yang telah Engkau turunkan, dan kami mengikut RasulMu; oleh itu suratkanlah kami beserta orang-orang yang menjadi saksi (yang mengakui keesaanMu dan kebenaran RasulMu)".

 

Dan orang-orang (Yahudi yang kafir) itupun merancangkan tipu daya (hendak membunuh Nabi Isa), dan Allah pula membalas tipu daya (mereka); dan (ingatlah), Allah sebijak-bijak yang membalas (dan menggagalkan segala jenis) tipu daya.

 

(Ingatlah) ketika Allah berfirman: "Wahai Isa! Sesungguhnya Aku akan mengambilmu dengan sempurna, dan akan mengangkatmu ke sisiKu, dan akan membersihkanmu dari orang-orang kafir, dan juga akan menjadikan orang-orang yang mengikutmu mengatasi orang-orang kafir (yang tidak beriman kepadamu), hingga ke hari kiamat. Kemudian kepada Akulah tempat kembalinya kamu, lalu Aku menghukum (memberi keputusan) tentang apa yang kamu perselisihkan".(Al-Imran 3:52-55)

 

As the above verses indicate, Jesus was taken and raised to heaven. He was not crucified. It was certainly the plan of the enemies of Jesus to put him to death on the cross, but God saved him and someone else was crucified:

"And for their unbelief, and their uttering against Mary a grave false charge, and for their saying, 'We killed the messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messiah of God"…yet they did not slay him, neither crucified him, only a likeness of that was shown to them. Those who are at variance concerning him are surely in doubt the following of conjecture; and they did not kill him of certainty…no indeed; God raised him up to Him; God is Almighty, Allwise. There is not one of the people of the book but will assuredly believe him before his death, and on the Resurrection Day he will be a witness against them." (An-Nissa 4:156-159)

 

Demikian juga (Kami laknatkan mereka) dangan sebab kekufuran mereka dan tuduhan mereka terhadap Maryam (dengan tuduhan yang amat dustanya. Dan juga (disebabkan) dakwaan mereka dengan mengatakan: "Sesungguhnya kami telah membunuh Al-Masih Isa Ibni Maryam, Rasul Allah". Padahal mereka tidak membunuhnya dan tidak memalangnya (di kayu palang - salib), tetapi diserupakan bagi mereka (orang yang mereka bunuh itu seperti Nabi Isa). Dan Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang telah berselisih faham, mengenai Nabi Isa, sebenarnya mereka berada dalam keadaan syak (ragu-ragu) tentang menentukan (pembunuhannya). Tiada sesuatu pengetahuan pun bagi mereka mengenainya selain daripada mengikut sangkaan semata-mata; dan mereka tidak membunuhnya dengan yakin.

 

Bahkan Allah telah mengangkat Nabi Isa kepadaNya; dan adalah Allah Maha Kuasa, lagi Maha Bijaksana.

 

Dan tidak ada seorang pun dari kalangan ahli Kitab melainkan ia akan beriman kepada Nabi Isa sebelum matinya dan pada hari kiamat kelak Nabi Isa akan menjadi saksi terhadap mereka. (An-Nissa 4:156-159)

 

The Quran does not explain who was the person crucified instead of Jesus, nor elaborate on the Second Coming of Jesus. However, explanators of the Quran have always interpreted the last verse of the above quotation to mean that Jesus will believe in him before he dies. This understanding is supported by authentic sayings (Hadith) of the Prophet Mohammed may the peace and blessings of Allah him and upon all His Messengers. 

 

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Qumran

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